I can now state the basic relation thermodynamic problem.

Consider two simple human systems each enclosed by volume, energy, and entity barriers, i.e., each system is closed.  If one or more of the barriers between the systems is removed, then a period of redistribution of volume, energy, and/or entities will take place until a new equilibrium with new values of volume, energy, and entities for the composite is established.

            The basic problem of thermodynamics is the determination of the equilibrium state that eventually results after the removal of internal constraints in a closed composite system.

                                                                                                Callen [1960,24]

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